The muslim brotherhood and islamic democracy in egypt as part of the new world order, part ii. The globalization of media allows for the images and stories of marginalized and excluded groups to be seen and heard by more people than ever before, creating mediascapes in which such populations compete for visibility on an imagined global stage. Eliamep middle east mediterranean januarymarch 2014 4 editor s note like an avalanche the arab spring exerted major political influence on the political future of the arab world. The muslim brotherhood and islamic democracy in egypt as. Our colleagues of the kefaya movement were demonstrating in cairos tahrir square because they were galvanized by our much larger demonstrations in. Kefaya was an indigenous movement for political reform organized in late 2004 in opposition to the regime of egyptian president hosni mubarak. Kefaya protests mubaraks referendum and reelection. To make my case, i analyze the egyptian kefaya movement, a social movement whose diverse members had never meaningfully worked together before and whose nine months of sustained. In all of them, grievances were channeled via organized efforts of civil society organizations. Annex a prosecutions of activists and journalists under. The unrest was not, by any means, limited to the online sphere.
Pdf dynamics of a stagnant religious discourse and the rise. Kefaya s first rally in 2004 was the first street protest organized solely to demand that president mubarak step down. William engdahl, february 5, 2011 fast on the heels of the regime change in tunisia came a popularbased protest movement. Essam eldin hasan head researcher at cairo institute for human rights studies. Social media and the decision to participate in political. Office of the secretary of defense kefaya was an indigenous movement. From about 2005 on, there were persistent efforts by small but dedicated groups, starting with the kefaya enough movement and later the april 6th youth coalition.
Social movements, nonviolent resistance, and the state 1st. Akmal kertam candidate for elmaadi district during the last parliamentary election 15 mr. It looks like we dont have any plot summaries for this title yet. The most important was probably the kefaya movement, whose formal name is the egyptian movement for change. Social media and oppositional movements in egypt, 20042011 article pdf available in journal of communication 622 april 2012 with 1,148 reads.
Kifaya enough egyptian movement for change egypts kifaya or enough movement, also known as the egyptian movement for change is a loosely organized group of opposition politicians and. Kefaya leaders see their greatest accomplishment as having. This volume probes the intersections between the fields of social movements and nonviolent resistance. Journalist, and chief editor of masr alarabiya news website. In the 1990s it took shape through the work on foreign policy issues. Eventually, kefayas platform expanded to include additional grievances from other quarters. Pdf brazils rulers crack down on foes researchgate. People likely to rally around new imprisoned kefaya.
The word kefaya is arabic for enough, and as the name implies, the move. Journal of strategic security by an authorized editor of scholar commons. He is the former spokesperson and a founding member of the kefaya movement. Kefaya meaning enough in arabic, is the moniker for the grassroots coalition the egyptian movement for change. Pdf to deepen our understanding of the relationship between social media and political change. Kefaya s significance must go beyond the assessment of the future path of the movement itself. Kefaya was an umbrella movement for social and political change which put sudden and imaginative protests on the streets from 2005 to 2011. Indeed, the april 6th movement was initially formed to support a labor strike. In the early 2000s it manifested itself in the kefaya movement. The 65year old is a journalist and editor of the previously opposition, now progovernment, weekly sawt alomma. Nov 23, 2011 the april 6 youth and the kefaya movement even filed a complaint with egypts attorney general in response to the scafs accusations, and challenged anyone to submit evidence of their guilt to the attorney general. In egypt, official campaign against foreign funding of civil. The movement was established in 2004 by a coalition of political forces, and became better known by its arabic slogan.
Pdf dynamics of a stagnant religious discourse and the. The history of egypt has been long and wealthy, due to the flow of the nile river with its fertile banks and delta, as well as the accomplishments of egypts native inhabitants and outside. For the founders of the april 6 youth movement and the kefaya, this was a clever way to gain a wide range of support from different sections of egyptian society. Yet when the nonislamist opposition and the international community failed to engage the muslim brotherhood, the movement began using slogans such as islam is the solution as a reaction to the lack of collaboration with the opposition and supporters of. Published twice per semester, the world mind gives american university undergraduate students the opportunity to submit original work to a variety of. Kefaya was an indigenous movement for political reform organized in. But the faraizis could not remain indifferent to the economic exploitation and miserable plight of the people among. The leaders of the kefaya movement also raised the issue of the potential. The kefaya movement invited the attorney general to investigate its members and ascertain its innocence. His explanation of how protests escalate lies in the argument that individuals participating in protests can set off a chain. Its called tamarod for a reason al arabiya english. A case study of a grassroots reform initiative caten, george, the egyptian movement kefaya going beyond ideological parties harakat kefaya almisriyya. People likely to rally around new imprisoned kefaya leader.
Kefaya leaders see their greatest accomplishment as having broken down the populations aversion to direct confrontation with the regime. Arrests of kefaya movement leaders, investigation needed into police killings the arrests of kefaya movement leaders george ishak and fathi alhefnawy following protest. Eventually, kefaya s platform expanded to include additional grievances from other quarters. From his work with children using facebook to ridicule their teachers in the arab digital expression camps, to his work with pro democracy activists using blogs to mobilize thousands of egyptians against the government in the kefaya movement, alaa just loves helping people use icts to stick it to the man.
The 6 april youth movement, which worked to establish links with workers protests, managed to. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our privacy policy. A case study of a grassroots reform initiative, documents the history of the egyptian movement for change, also known as kefaya kefaya. It would seem that initially this movement was a purely religious reform movement. Bringing together a range of studies focusing on protest movements around the. Well before the arab spring, a number of southeast asian countries experienced their own political upheavals. This examination of kefaya s birth, accomplishments, and decline is based on an analysis of the work of. Prospects for change following legislative elections in egypt. Just click the edit page button at the bottom of the page or learn more in the plot summary submission guide. Dynamics of a stagnant religious discourse and the rise of new secular movements in egypt. Jun 14, 2012 ghonim identifies the beginning of the revolutionary process, not with the internet, but with the establishment of the kefaya movement, which means enough in arabic.
An activist in the kefaya movement a grass roots movement for change. Tunisias share in this process is considerable given that it was the starting point of the arab spring. Abdelhalim qandil, the editor of the nasserist newspaper alarabi who was spokesman. Activist bloggers were also credited with giving a voice to striking workers on 6 april 2008, which led to the emergence of another prodemocracy force, known as the 6 april youth movement. In 2005, the kefaya movement, led by a broadbased coalition, protested the corruption of the mubarak regime and the expected succession of the presidents son, gamal. This attempted general strike was advocated by an extremely loose, diverse coalition cobbled together from the ghazl almahalla workers, the kafr aldawwar labourers, the kefaya movement, alwasat party, alkarama party, the 9 th march movement for university autonomy, and other groups. That was when george ishak, kefaya s charismatic spokesman, became a household name and a fearless role model for aspiring young egyptian activists.
The world mind is the policy magazine for international and public affairs, published by clocks and clouds, american universitys undergraduate research journal. Nobel prize winner mohamed elbaradei returned to egypt in 2010 calling for political change. At stake were issues related to the persistence of authoritarian rule and the inheritance of presidential power. The kefaya movement by nadia oweidat overdrive rakuten. Egyptian blogger, software developer, democracy activist. The faraizi movement of bengal was the first and foremost organized islamic movement in british india. Towards a new form of a client regime, takis fotopoulos, the international journal of inclusive democracy, vol. According to the rand corporation their 2008 report the kefaya movement. Kefaya is the unofficial moniker of the egyptian movement for change a grassroots coalition. Linkpage citation the egyptian movement for change emc also referred to as kefaya enough was announced in 2004. Landmarks in recent egyptian reformist history include the emergence of the kefaya movement in 2003, the national strike of april 6. The kefaya movement, an indigenous effort for political reform organized in egypt, provides policymakers with an example of the challenges grassroots organizations in the arab world face as they try to implement democracy and political reform. In late 2004, kefaya was able to mobilize wide segments of egyptian society.
President hosni mubarak has governed egypt under emergency rule since assuming power in 1981 after the assassination of his predecessor, anwar alsadat. Social movements, nonviolent resistance, and the state crc. Why didnt world leaders denounce mubaraks arrest of. To make my case, i analyze the egyptian kefaya movement, a social movement whose diverse members had never meaningfully worked. A consumor behaviour research on kefaya the political movement that appeared in the early 2000s the research was made in mrktg 410 class at the american university of cairo with a. Kefaya, also known as the egyptian movement for change, was an indigenous movement for political reform organized in late 2004 in opposition to the regime of egyptian president hosni mubarak. The impact of the arab spring on islamist strategies. Whether kefaya was truly a new movement or an alternative mechanism for a collection of groups to air grievances is open to debate. Sisi pardons hundreds of egyptian prisoners, including. He attempted to collect 15 million signatures by 30 june 20, the oneyear anniversary of morsis inauguration. Kefaya opposed the renewal of mubaraks presidency and rejected the attempt to transfer power to his son, holding its fist major protest against the regime in december 2004.
Cyber activism and the egyptian revolution 2011 neipechaii mepfhuo abstract in this new era of digital revolution, the information and communication technologies icts are transforming. The egyptian movement for change, best known by its slogan kifaya enough, played an important role pushing for political reform in egypt. Bringing together a range of studies focusing on protest movements around the world, it explores the overlaps and divergences between the two research concentrations, considering the dimensions of. On the decentralized nature of the egyptian revolution. The future shape of this important phenomenon is an open question.
The word kefaya is arabic for enough, and as the name implies, the movement called for an end to the decadesold mubarak regime, and for guarantees that his son would not succeed him as president. People are likely to rally around the newly elected general coordinator of the kefaya movement for change magdy hussein, even. In 1991, timur kuran suggested that revolutions are inherently difficult to predict because of the interaction of social and psychological factors. Bringing together a range of studies focusing on protest movements around the world, it explores the overlaps and divergences between the two research concentrations, considering the dimensions of nonviolent strategies in repressive states, the means of studying them, and. Narration and identity dealing with social and ideological heterogeneity in the kefaya movement sundell, anna department of political science. Social movements, nonviolent resistance, and the state. A consumor behaviour research on kefaya the political movement that appeared in the early 2000s the research was made in mrktg 410 class at the american university of cairo with a group of four. Before the date, roads to political activism were being incrementally built towards their eventual converging on tahrir square. Ikram badr eldin political science professor at cu. The egyptian association for change is a driving force for effective reforms in egypt. Why didnt journalists write extensive columns about the kefaya movement and the oppression its members suffered under mubarak. As rami khouri 2007, a wellknown jordanian journalist and chief editor of the.
Indeed, by this very reason they succeeded in transforming themselves into a mass movement. Hosam eiasa law professor and naserist intellectual 17 mr. The practice of politics and revolution egypts revolutionary youth. Abd al halim qandil, editorinchief of the opposition nasserist news paper alarabi. Beginning in 2003, kefaya was a group of egyptians of various political. On january 25th 2011, egyptians revolted, thereby making history. I first heard of yesterdays failed national strike on march 24th, through a blog post on a friend of a friends blog, this guy was going on about why he will not be participating in yesterdays strike, but mind this guy, i too decided that i will have none of it, but for different reasons. The occupy movement was an international progressive sociopolitical movement that expressed opposition to social and economic inequality and to the lack of real democracy around the world. Volume 19 issue 1 public culture duke university press. I first heard of yesterdays failed national strike on march 24th, through a blog post on a friend of a friends blog, this guy was.
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